{"id":1261,"date":"2024-01-15T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261"},"modified":"2025-02-23T14:33:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T14:33:41","slug":"the-impact-of-e-learning-in-the-post-pandemic-era-on-efl-students-note-taking-skills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261","title":{"rendered":"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Title: The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students<\/strong> Note-Taking Skills<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Imane SAHNOUNE<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

University of Saida, Dr. Moulay Tahar, Algeria<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Hichem GHEMBAZA<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

University of Saida, Dr. Moulay Tahar, Algeria<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system. In the post-pandemic era, students were exposed to online learning and Moodle platform, which led to remarkable adjustments in their behaviors, skills, and learning strategies including the note-taking one. The current study aims to examine the effects of e-learning on EFL students\u2019 note-taking skills. To attainthe objectives of the study, the researcher used a mixed method approach usingboth quantitative and qualitative instruments. A semi-structured questionnaire was delivered to 30 EFL students from the Department of English Lagunage and Literature, and a classroom observation has been conducted within the group of the participants. Research showed that: 1) EFL students stopped taking notes believing that note-taking is not needed anymore as all lectures are available on the platform. 2) EFL students\u2019 ability to write down their understanding of the knowledge they receive became limited for the lack of participation and interaction with the teacher. 3) EFL students struggle with taking notes during online sessions because of several hindrances including distractions, lack of engagement, and technical issues.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

How to Cite this Paper<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sahnoune, N., & Ahmed Hichem Ghembaza, A. H. (2024). The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills. In Proceedings of the First Online International Conference of Teaching and Learning in Post-COVID: Reality and Expectations, Saida University, 12-13 December, 2023,<\/em> pp. 51-63<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Austin Community College. (n.d). Benefits of Notetaking? Available at
https:\/\/sites.austincc.edu\/student-skills-workshops\/taking-effective-notes\/benefits-of-notetaking\/<\/a>
Belkacemi. M. L., & Belhocine. K. (n.d). The E-learning in Times of Covid-19 in the  Algerian University (challenges and prospects). Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7<\/em>(3),204.
Benadla. D., & Hadji. M. ( 2021). EFL Students Affective Attitudes towards Distance  E-learning BasedonMoodle Platform during the Covid-19 the Pandemic:  Perspectives from Dr. Moulay Tahar University of Saida. Algeria. Arab World     English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on Covid-19 Challenges <\/em>(1),56-57.DOI:<\/em>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/covid.4<\/em><\/a>
Bin Herzallah. M. (2021). E-learning at the Algerian University: Reality and challenges. The Journal of Distance Learning and Open Learning, 9<\/em>(16),76.
Bouchrika, I. (2024). What is E-learning? Types, Advantages and Drawbacks in 2024.  Research.com. <\/em>Available at https:\/\/research.com\/education\/what-is-             elearning?fbclid=IwAR3teO4xwJ_f392PNhT-YjaVckB asV1qaYODWZAcCulxPhaYYYj-ZltXGk<\/a>
Ghounane, N. (2020). Moodle or Social Networks: What alternative refuge is appropriate to Algerian EFL students to learn during Covid-19 pandemic.Arab World English Journal, 11<\/em>(3),29. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/vol11no3.2<\/a>
Ghounane, N. (2022). Learning in the Algerian Context during the Pandemic: Is it  online or offline?. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) 2nd<\/sup> Special Issue on Covid-19 Challenges <\/em>(2), 493. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/covid2.33<\/a>
Guellati, F., & Keskes, S. (2022). An Investigation of Note Taking Strategies Used  by EFL A Case Study of First Year University Students at the Department of English-Setif 2. Qabas Journal of Studies Human and Social, 6<\/em>(2),1634.
Perez, D. M., & Medallon, M. (2015). A Move to Moodle: A perspective of   academics in the college of international tourism and hospitality management. LPU-Laguna Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4<\/em>(3),51.
Sharma, N. (2023). 10 Advantages of E-learning in Higher Education over Traditional Methods. Hurix.com. <\/em>Available at https:\/\/www.hurix.com\/e-learning-in-higher-         ducation\/?fbclid=IwAR1tlJqfFOy8Mxm_b09ot5PrrgHEEfpcPrTm3oAqOPOZ74MZ6dOs5eBU0E#:~:text=E%2Dlearning%20offers%20several%20advantages,learning%2C%20and%20cost%2Deffectiveness<\/a>
Sirohi, V. (2007). E-learning: An overview. Csi-sigegov.org,<\/em> 237<\/em>.
Tamm, S. (2023). What is the Definition of E-learning? E-student.org. <\/em>Available at https:\/\/e student.org\/what-is-e-learning\/?fbclid=IwAR04EQlwcwi4MU1-owj82xQg5q-         ZpJQCQOFJ5hIRIyAGHjcwb8q0RqZhwhg
Teng, C. H. (2011). Exploring Note-taking Strategies of EFL Listeners. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, <\/em>480. Doi:10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.03.126<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS <\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS <\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS <\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1215,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[89,90,91,92],"class_list":["post-1261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-5-special-2024","tag-e-learning","tag-efl-students","tag-impact","tag-note-taking"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 06 Special Issue Vol 05 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-15T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-23T14:33:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-15T21:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-23T14:33:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\"},\"wordCount\":762,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"e-learning\",\"EFL students\",\"impact\",\"note-taking\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 5 Special 2024\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\",\"name\":\"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05 - ATRAS journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-15T21:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-23T14:33:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":500},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"description\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"ATRAS journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\",\"name\":\"atras\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"atras\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05 - ATRAS journal","description":"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills","og_description":"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system","og_url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261","og_site_name":"ATRAS journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/","article_published_time":"2024-01-15T21:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-23T14:33:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"atras","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills","twitter_description":"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system","twitter_image":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"atras","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261"},"author":{"name":"atras","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64"},"headline":"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05","datePublished":"2024-01-15T21:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-23T14:33:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261"},"wordCount":762,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg","keywords":["e-learning","EFL students","impact","note-taking"],"articleSection":["Vol 5 Special 2024"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261","name":"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05 - ATRAS journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg","datePublished":"2024-01-15T21:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-23T14:33:41+00:00","description":"The Impact of E-learning in the Post-Pandemic Era on EFL Students Note-Taking Skills, EFL students, e-learning, impact, note-taking, post-pandemic era, The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to the educational system","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/article.jpg","width":500,"height":500},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1261#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article 06 Special Issue Vol 05"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","name":"ATRAS journal","description":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"ATRAS journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization","name":"ATRAS journal","alternateName":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"ATRAS journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64","name":"atras","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"atras"},"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1261"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3128,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1261\/revisions\/3128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}