{"id":1725,"date":"2019-12-31T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1725"},"modified":"2025-02-01T16:50:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T16:50:10","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1725","title":{"rendered":"Article 01 Issue 01 VOL 00 December 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Title: <\/strong>
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\u0623.\u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong>
\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0652\u064a \u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064b \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u064b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

How to Cite this Paper:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u0651\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0640\u062d. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/em>\u060c 1<\/em>(1)\u060c – 13<\/strong>– 27<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642. 
*\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f (1988)\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. 
*\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (1971)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.
*\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 (1983)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c  \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. 
*\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0641 (1997)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a.
*\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 (1998)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.  
*\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c (\u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0635\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.  
*\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0640\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 (1993)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0640\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629.  
*\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621.   
*\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u062f. \u062a)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u06377\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0640\u0631.  
*\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2010)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. 
*\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2015)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. 
*\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2016 \u0623)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. 
*\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2016 \u0628)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. 
*\u0637\u062d\u0651\u0640\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 (1981)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629 1\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\/ \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0640\u064a.
*\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (\u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.
*\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (1981)\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641. 
& _ \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0644(1994)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.
*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0651\u0627\u062d (1984)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 4\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f15 \u064816\u060c \u0635 \u0635: 231 – 276.
*\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d (1987)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.
&_\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u062f. \u062a)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c4\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f. \u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644.
*\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 (1983)\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629\/\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. 
*\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0646 (2005)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c  \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646.
*\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c (\u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0651\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062c3\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. 
*\u0627\u0644\u0633\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (1987)\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631. 
*\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 (1985)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.
*\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 (1950)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.
*\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 (1981)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. 
&_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0645\u0646 (1997)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.
& _ \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0631 (1987)\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a. 
*\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 (1983)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a.  
*\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 (1998)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. 
Jones, D. (1972). An outline of English phonetics<\/em> (9th ed.). Heffer,W. & Sons LTD, Cambridge.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-00-n01-2019"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 01 Issue 01 VOL 00 December 2019 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1725\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b 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