{"id":1733,"date":"2019-12-15T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1733"},"modified":"2025-02-01T16:49:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T16:49:23","slug":"article-03-issue-01-vol-01-january-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1733","title":{"rendered":"Article 05 \u00a0Issue 01 VOL 01 January 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"section-gae0c42\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gae0c42 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-center-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Title:&nbsp;<\/strong><br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g07dec5\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g07dec5 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-center-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>&nbsp;\u062f. \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0645\u064a<br>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b- \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623<br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;<br>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gad3ac6\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gad3ac6 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-left-tablet text-align-left-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g65feec\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g65feec gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-right-desktop text-align-right-tablet text-align-right-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><bdo lang=\"&quot;ar&quot;\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631.<br>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644&nbsp; &nbsp; \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640\ufb6c\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u061f&nbsp;<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ge417f7\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-ge417f7 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-left-tablet text-align-left-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ga60677\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-ga60677 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-right-desktop text-align-right-tablet text-align-right-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fqxFSANqZskaLEEiSd09Y0geuuJS9v5j\/view?usp=sharing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1136\" style=\"width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-768x214.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g8112c0\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g8112c0 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-left-tablet text-align-left-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>How to Cite this Paper:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gde56a5\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gde56a5 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-right-desktop text-align-right-tablet text-align-right-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c 1<\/em>(1)\u060c 56 &#8211; 70<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g84b090\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g84b090 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-left-tablet text-align-left-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>References<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g9029f2\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g9029f2 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-right-desktop text-align-right-tablet text-align-right-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.( 1980). \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. 6 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<br>2- &nbsp; \u0628\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.(1993) .\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u06371.\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\/ \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<br>3 &#8211;&nbsp; \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f.(1986 ). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.&nbsp;<br>3 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a.(1979) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628.<br>5\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631.(1997 ). \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u062b\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<br>6- \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646. (1990 ). \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f.&nbsp;<br>7- \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (1983 ). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<br>8- \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631. (1990) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06372. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \/ \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 .<br>9- \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f .(1984 ). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<br>10\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646. (1974 ).\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d . \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u06371.\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633.<br>&nbsp;11- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644. )1997(. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e &#8211; \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\/ \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628).<br>1-Fanon, F.(1970) .<em>Les damn\u00e9s de la terre.<\/em> Paris\/ France. Maspero.<br><sup>2<\/sup>-Fanon, F.(1952). <em>Peau noire masques blancs.<\/em> Paris\/ France Seuil.<br>3-3-Roth, A.(1967). <em>Le th\u00e9\u00e2tre Alg\u00e9rien de langue dialectale de, 1926\u00e0 1954. <\/em>Paris\/ France. Maspero<br>4-4-Toualbi, N.(2001).<em>L\u2019identit\u00e9 au Maghreb errance<\/em>. 2\u00b0 \u00e9dition. Algerie\/Alger&nbsp;: Casbah Edition.<br>5-Yahiaoui \u2013 M. M.(2005). <em>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 musulmane et communaut\u00e9s Europ\u00e9enne DANS L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/em> Alger\/ Algerie&nbsp;: Ed Homa<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2538\" style=\"width:119px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6264hl4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-6264hl4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Copyright for all articles published in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles.&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[240],"tags":[244],"class_list":["post-1733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-01-n01-2020","tag-244"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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