{"id":1827,"date":"2024-07-15T10:07:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T10:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1827"},"modified":"2025-02-01T09:50:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T09:50:16","slug":"article-01-issue-02-vol-5-july-2024-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=1827","title":{"rendered":"Article 01 Issue 02 vol 5 July 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"section-g058939\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g058939 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Title: China- India Border Crisis: Causes and Implications 1962-2023<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gcaaf61\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gcaaf61 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>EDGAR AGUBAMAH<br>1Department of Political Science and<br>International Studies<br>Faculty of<br>Social Sciences<br>Ahmadu Bello<br>University, Zaria, Nigeria.<br><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gb144bb\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-gb144bb gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ab228\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ab228 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">For more than seventy years, the Sino-Indo border crisis has become an endless imbroglio with no settlement in sight. Relations between the two Asian giants have soured over the last decade, particularly following a 2020 boundary skirmish between Indian and Chinese soldiers in the Galwan area. The issue of a disputed border emerged in the early 1950s when the People\u2019s Republic of China affected her capture of Tibet. This act created for China and India one of the lengthiest undefined boundaries in the globe. The China-India border stretches for approximately 3,488 kilometers (2,167 miles) across the Himalayan mountain range, separating the two countries. The main areas of contention are the western sector (Aksai Chin region administered by China but claimed by India) and the eastern sector (Arunachal Pradesh region administered by India but claimed by China). This dispute has led to several military standoffs and border skirmishes between the two countries over the years. The intricate and protractedness of this border conflict made this work try to find out the causes and implications of this crisis to the Asian region and the world generally. To do this effectively, we employ secondary sources where data was collected from textbooks, diplomatic records, academic literature, newspapers, journals, magazines, and internet materials. The data collected was analyzed through documentary evidence while the contested border and territorial nationalism theory were used as the analytical tool. The work discovered that factors like unresolved border issues, historical crises, strategic concerns, ideological biases, failed diplomatic negotiations, military considerations, the Tibetan refugees crisis, Cold War dynamics, and limited communications were some of the issues that led to the border crisis between the two Asian giants. Furthermore, the work found out that the implications engendered by the China-India border crisis are severe and expansive like heavy militarization of the China-Indian border, strategic instability in Asia, India\u2019s more assertive foreign policy, China&#8217;s global image damage, policy implications, and arms race between the two Asian giants. The work concluded that China and India should strive for a harmonious and sustainable joint boundary commission that will map and mark their boundaries as this option if meticulously and strictly followed will tremendously benefit both and all.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g101d01\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g101d01 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>  Causes,China-India Borders, crisis, dispute, implications<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16YLw42VCBWMEeL21C430ysTDSGgZTc7W\/view?usp=sharing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1136\" style=\"width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-768x214.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g014a7a\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g014a7a gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>How to Cite this Paper&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g8ec125\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g8ec125 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Agubamah, E. (2024). China- India Border Crisis: Causes and Implications 1962-2023. <em>Atras Journal,<\/em> <em>5<\/em>(2), 16-24<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-ppxpep1\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-ppxpep1 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>DOI:&nbsp; <br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol05no2.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol05no2.1<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ga61cc2\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-ga61cc2 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ce608\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ce608 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Abimbola, C. (2020). <em>The Crucial Nature of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Tower Press<br>Anderson, B. (1980). <em>Analysis of Contested and Territorial Nationalism Theory<\/em>.Thames Publishers<br>Blackson, C. (1970). <em>The History of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Liberation Press<br>Bolaishan, K. (2000). <em>Dissecting China-India Border Issues.<\/em> Island Press.<br>Benard, R. (2020). <em>Cold War and China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Beach Publishers<br>Chaowu, D. (2017). <em>Looking at the China-India border Debacle.<\/em> Agra Press<br>Chaprada, P. (2022). <em>Economic Cost of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> White publishers<br>Damian, E. (2022). <em>Cracks in the China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Pyramid Press<br>Donald, W. (2021). <em>Military factor in China-India border Crisis.<\/em> Safari Publishers<br>Eric, F. (2022). <em>The Role of Colonialism in the China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Sun Flower Press<br>Egbu. (The Cost of China-India Border Crisis. Lagoon Publishers<br>Gambo, O. (2022). <em>China-India Border Imbroglio.<\/em> Monarchy Press<br>Gloria, L. (2023). <em>Global Implication of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Lentil Press<br>Grace, C. (2022). <em>Aggression and China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Falls Press<br>Igwe, G. (2021). <em>The Ideological Divide of the China-India Border Crisis. <\/em>Ikenga Press<br>Ibrahim, M. (2019). T<em>he Role of Diplomacy in the China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Atlas Publishers<br>John, A. (1970). <em>The Dynamics of Contested and Territorial Nationalism Theory.<\/em> Victoria Press<br>Joel, E. (2023). <em>Militarization in China-India Border Crisis<\/em>. Bagpipe Publishers<br>Lawson, N. (2023). <em>Perceptions of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Table Press<br>Lewis, S. (2023). <em>Dalai Lama Issues and China-India Border Crisis<\/em>. Beach Press<br>Matthew, D. (2023). <em>Causes of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Nile Publishers<br>Ogwu, J. (2022). <em>Strategic Importance of the China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Winter Press<br>Peter, T. (2023). <em>Leadership and China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> River\u2019s Publishers<br>Raji, R. (2021). <em>China-India border Skirmishes.<\/em> Sea publishers<br>Rose, B. (2023). <em>Tibet and China-India Border Crisis,<\/em> Dove Press<br>Shavita, V. (1968). <em>Focus on the China-India border Crisis.<\/em> Cave Press<br>Shamkar, R. (2018). <em>The Troubles of China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Nippon Press<br>Singh, A. (2022). <em>Chronicles of China-India border Crisis.<\/em> Star Publishers<br>Zakari, Z. (2021). <em>Foreign Policy and China-India Border Crisis.<\/em> Lagoon Press<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2538\" style=\"width:119px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6264hl4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-6264hl4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Copyright for all articles published in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles.&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Causes,China-India Borders, crisis, dispute, implications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[273],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-05-n02-2024"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Article 01 Issue 02 vol 5 July 2024 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Causes,China-India Borders, crisis, 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