{"id":2273,"date":"2024-09-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273"},"modified":"2025-01-30T18:28:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T18:28:24","slug":"simulation-without-parallelism-teaching-english-literature-at-an-algerian-university-before-during-and-after-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273","title":{"rendered":"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"section-g058939\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g058939 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Simulation without Parallelism: Teaching English Literature at an Algerian University before, during, and after COVID-19<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gcaaf61\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gcaaf61 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Fatima Zohra GASMI<\/strong><br>University of 8 May 1945-Guelma, Algeria<br>gasmi.fatimazohra@univ-guelma.dz <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gb144bb\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-gb144bb gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ab228\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ab228 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">COVID-19 has evoked an urgent need for a distance educational system. Although the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research spares no effort to facilitate and promote online teaching methods, many obstacles continue to hinder and impair the didactic operation. This paper employs a questionnaire to investigate the reasons behind Algeria\u2019s inability to keep up with the first-world countries\u2019 successful experience in distance learning. It also examines the difficulties that transpire from the lack of parallelism between these developed countries and the developing or underdeveloped ones. Teaching English Literature to non-native students can be a challenge. This has always been true even when the teaching-learning process was done face-to-face in a classroom. Like many other subjects, English literature has been affected by the changes the pandemic brought to the pedagogical procedure. The present study uses observation to shed light on teaching English literature at an Algerian university to illustrate the negative and positive outcomes of the pandemic on the educational system. Finally, this paper reveals that Algeria is witnessing rapid progress in the field of online education and that teaching English literature in Algeria is also improving.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g101d01\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g101d01 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>  Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/archive\/index.php\/files\/article\/view\/68\/57\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1136\" style=\"width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-768x214.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-f1j5110\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-f1j5110 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong><br><strong>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/atras\/AI.7<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g014a7a\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g014a7a gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>How to Cite this Paper&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-21kwssw\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g-21kwssw gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Gasmi, F. Z. (2024). Simulation without Parallelism: Teaching English Literature at an Algerian University before, during, and after COVID-19. <em>Atras Journal<\/em>, <em>5<\/em> (Special Issue), 115-129.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ga61cc2\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-ga61cc2 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ce608\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ce608 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><a>Arabeche, Z., &amp; Soudani, A. (2021)<\/a>. Perception of E-learning during the Health Crisis of COVID-19: Case of Algerian University Teachers.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Information Technology Management<\/em>, <em>13<\/em> (2), 154-172.<br><a>Azizi, S., &amp; Boufidjline, Z. (2022)<\/a>. Reading Habits of Algerians during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Library Science (JLS)<\/em>, <em>14<\/em> (01), 170-176.<br><a>Chelghoum, A., &amp; Chelghoum, H. (2020). <\/a>The Covid-19 Pandemic and Education: Big Changes Ahead for Teaching in Algeria.&nbsp;<em>Altralang Journal<\/em>, <em>2<\/em> (02), 118-132.<br>Cutright, P. (1963). National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis. <em>American Sociological Review<\/em>, 28(2), 253-264. DOI: &nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2090612<br>Dambri, R., &amp; Mehiri, M. L. (2021). An Investigation of the Major Challenges Encountered by Algerian EFL Teachers and Their Impact on the Students\u2019 Academic Performance during the Coronavirus Pandemic. <em>International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences<\/em>, <em>10<\/em> (04), 1-26.<br>Ghounane, N. <a>(2020). Moodle or Social Networks: What Alternative Refuge is Appropriate to Algerian EFL Students to Learn during COVID-19 Pandemic.&nbsp;<\/a><em>Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)<\/em>,<em> 11<\/em>(3), 21-41. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/vol11no3.2<br>Ghounane, N. (2021). Facebook as a Learning Platform in Algeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.&nbsp;<em>Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching<\/em>, <em>11 <\/em>(2), 80-93. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18844\/gjflt.v11i2.5555\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18844\/gjflt.v11i2.5555<\/a><br><a>Ghounane, N., &amp; Rabahi, H. (2023). Moodle in the Algerian EFL Context during COVID-19: Exploring Students\u2019 Attitudes and Academic Achievements.&nbsp;<\/a><em>Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on Communication and Language in Virtual Spaces<\/em>, 17-32. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/comm1.2<br>Guemide, B., &amp; Maouche, S.<a> (2021). <\/a>&nbsp;Assessment of Online Learning in Algerian Universities during COVID-19.&nbsp;<em>Kut University College Journal for Humanitarian Science<\/em>&nbsp;2, Special Issue, 490-515.<br><a>Hichour, H. (2022).<\/a> Teachers\u2019 Experience in E-assessment: Case Study of EFL Teachers in Algerian Universities.&nbsp;<em>Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>13 <\/em>(1), 450-461. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/vol13no1.29<br><a>Hicks, N., &amp; Streeten<\/a>, P. (1979). Indicators of Development: The Search for a Basic Needs Yardstick.&nbsp;<em>World Development<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>7 <\/em>(6), 567-580.<br>Kayalis, T., &amp; Natsina, A. (eds.). (2012).&nbsp;<em>Teaching Literature at a Distance: Open, Online and Blended Learning<\/em>. Bloomsbury Publishing.<br><a>Kent, G. (1982). Meanings of Development.&nbsp;<em>Human Systems Management<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>3<\/em> (3), 188-194.<\/a><br><a>Kerras, N., &amp; Salhi, S. E. (2021).<\/a> University Education in Algeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Limitations and Challenges. &nbsp;<em>Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)<\/em>,<em> 12 <\/em>(3), 16-35. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/vol12no3.2<br><a>Laifa, M., Giglou, R. I., &amp; Akhrouf, S. (2023)<\/a>. Blended Learning in Algeria: Assessing Students\u2019 Satisfaction and Future Preferences Using SEM and Sentiment Analysis.&nbsp;<em>Innovative Higher Education,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>48<\/em>, 879\u2013905. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10755-023-09658-5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10755-023-09658-5<\/a><br>Lancashire, I. (ed.). (2009). <em>Teaching Literature and Language Online<\/em>.&nbsp;Modern Language Association of America.<br><a>Makhlouf, K., &amp; Bensafi, Z. (2022).<\/a> Challenges and Opportunities: Experiences of EFL Teachers with the Emergency Remote Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic.&nbsp;<em>Djoussour El-maarefa<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>8<\/em> (2), 613-627.<br>McGillivray, M. et al. (2016). <em>International Development: Issues and Challenges<\/em> (3<sup>rd<\/sup> ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.<br>Miller, J., &amp; Wilhelm, J. (eds.). (2022). <em>Teaching Literature in the Online Classroom<\/em>. Modern Language Association.<br>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China<em>. Chairman Mao Zedong\u2019s Theory on the Division of the Three Worlds and the Strategy of Forming an Alliance against an Opponent.<\/em> Available at https:\/\/www.mfa.gov.cn\/mfa_eng\/zy\/wjls\/3604_665547\/202405\/t20240531_11367535.html.<br>Sachs, J. D. et al. <a>(2023). <em>Sustainable Development Report 2023<\/em><\/a><em>; Implementing the SDG Stimulus Includes the SDG Index and Dashboards<\/em>. Dublin, Ireland: Dublin University Press.<br>Stadler-Heer, S., &amp; Paran, A. (eds.).&nbsp;(2022). <em>Taking Literature and Language Learning Online: New Perspectives on Teaching, Research and Technology<\/em>. Bloomsbury Publishing.<br>Sustainable Development Report. (2023). <em>Algeria: Middle East and North Africa. <\/em>Available at dashboards.sdgindex.org\/profiles\/algeria.<br>United Nations Development Program. (2023). <em>Human Development Reports: Algeria<\/em>. Available at hdr.undp.org\/data-center\/specific-country-data#\/countries\/DZA.<br>United Nations. (2023). Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services. <em>First regular session:&nbsp;NY<\/em>, DP\/DCP\/DZA\/4,1-16. Retrieved from https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3998969?ln=ar&amp;v=pdf<br><a>United Nations. (2023). <em>World Economic Situation and Prospects (2023).<\/em> Retrieved from file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/dell\/Downloads\/WESP%202023_FINAL_Web_10_Feb_2023.pdf.<\/a><br>World Bank.&nbsp; (2023). <em>Algeria Overview<\/em>. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/algeria\/overview\">www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/algeria\/overview<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2538\" style=\"width:119px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6264hl4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-6264hl4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Copyright for all articles published in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles.&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[408],"tags":[428,82,429,431,430],"class_list":["post-2273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-05-n03-2024","tag-algerian-university","tag-covid-19","tag-english-literature","tag-post-pandemic","tag-simulation"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Simulation without Parallelism: Teaching English Literature at an Algerian University before, during, and after COVID-19\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-30T09:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-30T18:28:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"437\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"565\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Simulation without Parallelism: Teaching English Literature at an Algerian University before, during, and after COVID-19\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-30T09:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-30T18:28:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\"},\"wordCount\":1038,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Algerian University\",\"COVID-19\",\"English Literature\",\"post-pandemic\",\"simulation\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 05 N03 2024\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\",\"name\":\"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024 - ATRAS journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-30T09:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-30T18:28:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png\",\"width\":437,\"height\":565},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"description\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"ATRAS journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\",\"name\":\"atras\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"atras\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024 - ATRAS journal","description":"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Simulation without Parallelism: Teaching English Literature at an Algerian University before, during, and after COVID-19","og_description":"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism","og_url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273","og_site_name":"ATRAS journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/","article_published_time":"2024-09-30T09:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-01-30T18:28:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":437,"height":565,"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"atras","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Simulation without Parallelism: Teaching English Literature at an Algerian University before, during, and after COVID-19","twitter_description":"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism","twitter_image":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"atras","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273"},"author":{"name":"atras","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64"},"headline":"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024","datePublished":"2024-09-30T09:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-30T18:28:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273"},"wordCount":1038,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png","keywords":["Algerian University","COVID-19","English Literature","post-pandemic","simulation"],"articleSection":["Vol 05 N03 2024"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273","name":"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024 - ATRAS journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png","datePublished":"2024-09-30T09:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-30T18:28:24+00:00","description":"Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism Algerian University, English Literature, post-pandemic, COVID-19, simulation, parallelism","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/vol-05-n03-2024.png","width":437,"height":565},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2273#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article 07 Issue 03 Vol 5 September 2024"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","name":"ATRAS journal","description":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"ATRAS journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization","name":"ATRAS journal","alternateName":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"ATRAS journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64","name":"atras","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"atras"},"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2273"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2548,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2273\/revisions\/2548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}