{"id":2821,"date":"2025-01-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2821"},"modified":"2025-02-05T21:33:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T21:33:59","slug":"assessment-and-cognition-blooms-taxonomy-document-analysis-higher-order-thinking-levels-lower-order-thinking-levels-teachers-examination-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2821","title":{"rendered":"Article 20-Issue 01 vol 6 January 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"section-g058939\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g058939 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong><strong>Identifying the Cognitive Complexity of Teacher-Made Examination Questions through the Lens of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gcaaf61\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gcaaf61 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Khadidja KOUICEM<br>University of Constantine 1\/Fr\u00e8res Mentouri, Algeria<br><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6932-0263\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6932-0263<\/a><br><a href=\"mailto:khadidja.kouicem@umc.edu.dz\">khadidja.kouicem@umc.edu.dz<\/a><br>Khaled BOULAKHAL<br>University of Constantine 1\/Fr\u00e8res Mentouri, Algeria<br><a href=\"mailto:khaled.boulekehal@gmail.com\">khaled.boulekehal@gmail.com<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6932-0263\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6932-0263<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gb144bb\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-gb144bb gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ab228\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ab228 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy is widely acclaimed as a framework for ordering learning objectives and promoting the students\u2019 higher-order thinking skills. The current study aims to investigate the categories of the examination questioning patterns formulated by teachers of Master in Foreign Language Didactics at the Department of English at Constantine 1, Mentouri Brothers University. Notably, the study seeks to find out the extent to which the teachers prioritize lower-order thinking levels versus higher-order thinking levels in their assessments. Based on general perspectives and observations, it was hypothesized that the teachers predominantly design examination questions that fall within the lower-order thinking levels of Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy, emphasizing rote memorization over critical thinking. To test this research hypothesis, a document analysis was conducted on ten selected examination papers. The study findings revealed a significant inclination towards lower-order thinking levels and a lack of emphasis on higher-order thinking skills, particularly in the level of creating questions. Accordingly, integrating higher-order thinking skills and aligning assessments with learning objectives are essentially required to foster critical thinking and ensure a more profound understanding among students.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g101d01\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g101d01 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>  Assessment and cognition, Blooms\u2019 taxonomy, document analysis, higher order thinking levels, lower order thinking levels, teachers\u2019 examination questions<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/archive\/index.php\/files\/article\/view\/149\/165\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1136\" style=\"width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-768x214.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-f1j5110\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-f1j5110 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol06no01.20<br><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g014a7a\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g014a7a gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>How to Cite this Paper&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6aqqlf6\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g-6aqqlf6 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Kouicem, K., &amp;\u00a0 Boulekhal , K.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2025). Identifying the cognitive complexity of teacher-made examination questions through the lens of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy. <em>Atras Journal<\/em>,\u00a0 <em>6<\/em>(1), 284-300.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ga61cc2\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-ga61cc2 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ce608\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ce608 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Ainsworth, L. (2006). <em>Common formative assessments: How to connect standards-based instruction and assessment.<\/em> Thousand Oaks, California: Crown Press.<br>Allen, C. (2013). <em>Bloom\u2019s critical thinking cue questions: Cue questions based on Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of critical thinking.<\/em> Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linnbenton.edu\/student-services\/library-tutoring-testing\/learning-center\/academic-coaching\/documents\/20-Bloom-Question-Cues-Chart.pdf\">https:\/\/www.linnbenton.edu\/student-services\/library-tutoring-testing\/learning-center\/academic-coaching\/documents\/20-Bloom-Question-Cues-Chart.pdf<\/a>.<br>Bloom, B., Englehart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., &amp; Krathwohl, D. (1956). <em>Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain.<\/em> New York: Longman.<br>Chin C. (2007). Teacher questioning in science classrooms: What approaches stimulate productive thinking? <em>Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44<\/em>(6), 815-843 http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/tea.20171.<br>Cooper, D. (2011). <em>Redefining fair: How to plan, assess and grade for excellence in mixed-ability classrooms.<\/em> Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.<br>Cullinane, A. (2009). Bloom\u2019s taxonomy and its use in classroom assessment. <em>National Center for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching and Learning<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(13), 2-11.<br>Fernandes, S., Alves, A. C., &amp; Uebe-Mansur, A. (2021). Student-Centered assessment practices: an integrated approach with Project-Based Learning (PBL). In A. S. Moura, P Reis, M. N. D. S. Cordeiro (Eds.), <em>Handbook of research on determining the reliability of online assessment and distance learning<\/em> (pp. 213- 243). USA: IGI Global.\u00a0<br>Fife, D. A. (2022). Validation of the use of Bloom&#8217;s revised taxonomy as a tool for the design of assessment tests. Preprints. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202212.0123.v2.<br>Furlong, K. Consiglio, D. Creamer, K. J. T. Milberg, C. I. Reynolds, K. Wilson, J., &amp; Yu, E. (2023). <em>Collaborative assessment and survey administration: A MISO survey case study<\/em>. In M. E. Piorun, &amp; R. F. Raboin (Eds.), <em>Cases on establishing effective collaborations in academic libraries<\/em> (pp. 174- 187). USA: IGI Global.<br>Gierl, M. Latifi, S. F. Lai, H. Matovinovic, D., &amp; Boughton, K. A. (2015). Using automated procedures to generate test items that measure junior high science achievement. In Y. Rosen, S. Ferrara, &amp; M. Mosharraf (Eds.), <em>Handbook of research on technology tools for real-world skill development<\/em> (pp. 590- 610). USA: Information Science Reference IGI Global.<br>Herrera Mosquera, L., Mac\u00edas, V., &amp; Fernando, D. (2015). A call for language assessment literacy in the education and development of teachers of English as a foreign language. <em>Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal<\/em>, <em>17 <\/em>(2), 302-312. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14483\/udistrital.jour.calj.2015.2.a09\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14483\/udistrital.jour.calj.2015.2.a09<\/a>.<br>Hilmi, I., Fadlila, N., Ramadanti, E., Retnawati, H., &amp; Arliani, E. (2022). Development of higher order thinking skills test based on revised Bloom\u2019s taxonomy. <em>JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika), 6<\/em> (2), 341-353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31764\/jtam.v6i2.7292.<br>Hodge, A., &amp; Carbonara,\u00a0 D. D. (2015). Video use in teacher education: transition from a teaching tool to an assessment tool. In N. P. Ololube, P. J. Kpolovie, &amp; L. N. Makewa (Eds.), <em>Handbook of research on enhancing teacher education with advanced instructional technologies<\/em> (pp. 1-19). USA: Information Science Reference IGI Global.<br>Khan, W., &amp; Inamullah, H. (2011). A study of lower-order and higher-order questions at the secondary level. <em>Asian Social Science Journal<\/em>, <em>7<\/em>(9), 149- 157.<br>Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom&#8217;s taxonomy: An overview. <em>Theory into Practice,<\/em> <em>41<\/em>(4), 212-218. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15430421tip4104_2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15430421tip4104_2<\/a>.<br>Lawley, B. (2020). <em>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy<\/em>. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781506326139.n86\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781506326139.n86<\/a>.<br>Oktaviana, D., &amp; Susiaty, U. D. (2020). Development of test instruments based on a revision of Bloom&#8217;s taxonomy to measure students&#8217; higher-order thinking skills. <em>Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 9<\/em> (1), 8-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25273\/jipm.v9i1.5638.<br>Quinnipiac University. (2014). <em>Online programs, Bloom\u2019s taxonomy overview &#8211; levels of knowledge, associated assessments &amp; verbs. <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/acorn.library.vanderbilt.edu\/cgi-bin\/isbn-search\/0321084055\">http:\/\/acorn.library.vanderbilt.edu\/cgi-bin\/isbn-search\/0321084055<\/a>.<br>SCP Panel of Experts. (2020). <em>MES-103 higher education: The psycho-social context.<\/em> Shri Chakradhar Publication Private Limited. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khoji.net\/books\/files\/MES-103-Block-1-www.khoji.net-1287.pdf\">https:\/\/www.khoji.net\/books\/files\/MES-103-Block-1-www.khoji.net-1287.pdf<\/a>.<br>Sabir, A., Suyitno, I., Susanto, G., &amp; Inthase, W. (2024). Unlocking higher-order thinking: Bloom\u2019s taxonomy and teacher questions in Indonesian language instruction. Lentera Pendidikan: <em>Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, 27<\/em> (1), 78-100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24252\/lp.2024v27n1i6.<br>Sullivan, P., &amp; Lilburn, P. (2004). <em>Open-ended Math activities: Using &#8216;good&#8217; questions to enhance learning in Mathematics<\/em> (2<sup>nd<\/sup> ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press.<br>Tuela, A. I., &amp; Palar, Y.N. (2022). Analysis of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Based on Bloom Taxonomy in Comprehensive Examination Questions. <em>Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. <\/em>\u00a0doi:10.33394\/jk.v8i4.5885.<br>Ventouris, A. Rousoulioti, T., &amp; Iliopoulou, K. (2022). Alternative evaluation as a means of inclusion: The case of the public Greek educational system. In E. Meletiadou (Ed.), <em>Handbook of research on policies and practices for assessing inclusive teaching and learning<\/em> (pp. 333- 359). USA: IGI Global.\u00a0<br>Wilson, R.\u00a0 (1996). <em>Assessing students in classrooms and schools<\/em>. Scarborough, UK: Allyn &amp; Bacon.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2538\" style=\"width:119px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6264hl4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-6264hl4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Copyright for all articles published in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles.&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Assessment and cognition, Blooms\u2019 taxonomy, document analysis, higher order thinking levels, lower order thinking levels, teachers\u2019 examination questions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[599],"tags":[683,684,685,686,687,688],"class_list":["post-2821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol-06-n01-2025","tag-assessment-and-cognition","tag-blooms-taxonomy","tag-document-analysis","tag-higher-order-thinking-levels","tag-lower-order-thinking-levels","tag-teachers-examination-questions"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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