{"id":2886,"date":"2025-01-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2886"},"modified":"2025-02-07T18:26:58","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T18:26:58","slug":"pattern-culture-novel-mysticism-vision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=2886","title":{"rendered":"Article 38-Issue 01 vol 6 January 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"section-g058939\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g058939 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>The Cultural Patterns in the Tarhan Novel by Abdullah Krum<\/strong><\/strong><br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gcaaf61\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gcaaf61 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong><strong>Brahmi Abdelmoutaleb <\/strong><br>University of chadli ben Jdid, eltarf, Algeria<br>\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:a.brahmi@univ-eltarf.dz\">a.brahmi@univ-eltarf.dz<\/a><br><strong>Harkat khaoula<\/strong><br>University of batna 1, Algeria<br><a href=\"mailto:khaoula.harkat@univ-batna.dz\">khaoula.harkat@univ-batna.dz<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><br><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/strong><br>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<br>0009-0005-1253-6181<br><strong>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><br>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<br>0009-0004-5129-2215 <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gb144bb\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-gb144bb gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ab228\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ab228 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">The novel is considered a literary, rhetorical, and pictorial genre through which the writer seeks to spread a vision of the world through imagination and topics that haunt a person and that relate to his life, relationships, history, and future. About him (the cultural patterns in the Tarhan novel by Abdullah Karroum), through research and invocation of the mechanisms of cultural criticism. Was cultural criticism able to read the fictional discourse in a standard way? What are the formats formed for the structure of the semantic novel?<br>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062b \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u061f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g101d01\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g101d01 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>  Pattern, culture, novel,\u00a0 mysticism, vision . \u0646\u0633\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629.<br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/archive\/index.php\/files\/article\/view\/167\/184\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1136\" style=\"width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-768x214.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-f1j5110\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-f1j5110 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-left-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol06no01.38<br><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g014a7a\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g014a7a gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>How to Cite this Paper&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6aqqlf6\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g-6aqqlf6 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-right-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.(2025) . \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627.<em>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c 6<\/em>(1)\u060c 574-585<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-ga61cc2\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-ga61cc2 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g6ce608\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g6ce608 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-right-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><bdo lang=\"\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.(2002). \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<br>\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631.(2003).\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631: \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0649. \u06371.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<br>\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a.(2017).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629). (\u062f\u0637).\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0635\u0631.<br>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629. (2023). &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: 16 (2):189-206<br>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629. (2023).&#8221; \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:10 (1):116-128.<br>\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632.(1987).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648. \u062a\u0631: \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u062a. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<br>\u062d\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0644\u064a.(2007).\u00a0 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<br>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631.(2012).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u06371.\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<br>\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645. (2023). &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626: 6 (02): 227-240.<br>\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.(2005).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u06371.\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0645\u0635\u0631.<br>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.(2005).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u06372.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<br>\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.(2022). \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646. \u06371.\u00a0\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<br>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641.(2015).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642.(2014).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<br>\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649.(2014).\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<br>\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646.(2000). \u00a0\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u06371.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2538\" style=\"width:119px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6264hl4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-6264hl4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Copyright for all articles published in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>belongs to the author. 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