{"id":3436,"date":"2025-07-15T17:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T17:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436"},"modified":"2025-12-07T18:30:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T18:30:09","slug":"article-05-issue-02-vol-6-july-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436","title":{"rendered":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Title: The Role of Integrating Chat GPT<\/strong> as a Pedagogical Learning Aid on the Students’ Communicative Skills:\u00a0 The Case of Master One English Language Students at Setif 2 University, Algeria<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Toufik KOUSSA<\/strong>
Setif 2 University, Algeria<\/strong>
m.aitaissa@univ-setif2.dz<\/strong>
Wahid Hamza Mohamed CHAMI<\/strong>
wahid.chami@ensia.edu.dz<\/a><\/strong>
The National Higher School of Artificial Intelligence, Algeria<\/strong>
Mouloud AIT AISSA
Setif 2 University, Algeria
aitaissamouloud7@gmail.com<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The current paper concerns the integration of ChatGPT as a pedagogical learning aid in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. It aims to report the effects of ChatGPT on students’ communicative skills. The research was conducted at Mohamed Lamine Debaghine S\u00e9tif 2 University using a questionnaire administered to Master One students. The collected data revealed a high level of appreciation among students for the integration of ChatGPT in the overall process of learning English as a foreign language. Students expressed positive views regarding the role of ChatGPT in enhancing their communicative skills. Finally, the study recommends that the target population invest more effort in using ChatGPT.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

How to Cite this Paper :<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

KOUSSA, T. et al. (2025). The Role of Integrating of Chat GPT as a Pedagogical Learning Aid on the Students’ Communicative Skills:\u00a0 The Case of Master One English Language Students at Setif 2 University, Algeria. ATRAS<\/em>, 6<\/em> (2), 76-85<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DOI:\u00a0
<\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol06no02.5<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abdulrahman, T., Basalama, N., & Widodo, R. M. (2019). The impact of podcasts on EFL students\u2019 listening comprehension. International Journal of Language Education<\/em>, 2<\/em>(2), 23\u201333.
Amiri, M., Rastegar, H., Shomoossi, N., & Ghoorchaei, B. (2023). The impact of podcasts on students\u2019 English vocabulary knowledge and satisfaction: A quasi-experimental study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences<\/em>.
Baehaqi, L., & Inggris, T. P. I. K. (2015). The impacts of podcasting on the speaking fluency of L2 learners. In The 1st National Conference on English Language Teaching (NACELT): Applied Linguistics, General Linguistics, and Literature<\/em> (Vol. 1). State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya, Indonesia.
Hossan, D., Mansor, D. Z., & Jaharuddin, S. N. (2023). Research population and sampling in a quantitative study. International Journal of Business and Technology<\/em>, 13<\/em>(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58915\/ijbt.v13i3.263
Panday, P. P. (2009). Simplifying podcasting. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.isetl.org\/ijtlhe<\/a>
Ramli. (2017). The use of podcasts to improve students\u2019 listening and speaking skills for EFL learners. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research<\/em>, 145<\/em>, 189. In the International Conference on English Language Teaching (ICONELT 2017)<\/em>. Atlantis Press.
Showkat, N., & Parveen, H. (2017). Non-probability and probability sampling. In e-PG Pathshala<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/goo.gl\/sVnjrL<\/a>
Stebbins, R. (2001). Exploratory research in the social sciences: What is exploration? ResearchGate<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/292216118<\/a>
Tarsi, K., & Tuff, T. (2012). Introduction to population demographics. Nature Education Knowledge<\/em>, 3<\/em>(11), 3.
Weizenbaum, J. (1966). ELIZA\u2014A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM<\/em>, 9<\/em>(1), 36\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/365153.365168<\/a>
Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (2008). The weave of motivation and self-regulated learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications<\/em> (pp. 297\u2013314). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2008-03967-012<\/a>
Wisniewski, B., Zierer, K., & Hattie, J. (2020). The power of feedback revisited: A meta-analysis of educational feedback research. Frontiers in Psychology<\/em>, 10<\/em>, 3087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.03087<\/a>
Zafari, K. M. N. (2019). 21st century teaching: Integrating innovation in a traditional classroom. SSRN Electronic Journal<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3371620<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS <\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS <\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS <\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[846],"tags":[434,871,870,449,872],"class_list":["post-3436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol-06-n02-2025","tag-chatgpt","tag-communicative-competence","tag-communicative-skills","tag-english-language-education","tag-pedagogical-aids"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Title: The Role of Integrating Chat GPT as a Pedagogical Learning Aid on the Students' Communicative Skills:\u00a0 The Case of Master One English Language ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-15T17:56:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-07T18:30:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"278\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-15T17:56:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-07T18:30:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436\"},\"wordCount\":674,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"keywords\":[\"ChatGPT\",\"communicative competence\",\"communicative skills\",\"English language education\",\"pedagogical aids\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 06 N02 2025\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436\",\"name\":\"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-15T17:56:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-07T18:30:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"Title: The Role of Integrating Chat GPT as a Pedagogical Learning Aid on the Students' Communicative Skills:\u00a0 The Case of Master One English Language ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":278},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3436#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"description\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"ATRAS journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/p\\\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\",\"name\":\"atras\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"atras\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal","description":"Title: The Role of Integrating Chat GPT as a Pedagogical Learning Aid on the Students' Communicative Skills:\u00a0 The Case of Master One English Language ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025","og_description":"ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids","og_url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436","og_site_name":"ATRAS journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/","article_published_time":"2025-07-15T17:56:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-07T18:30:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":278,"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"atras","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025","twitter_description":"ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"atras","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436"},"author":{"name":"atras","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64"},"headline":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025","datePublished":"2025-07-15T17:56:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-07T18:30:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436"},"wordCount":674,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","keywords":["ChatGPT","communicative competence","communicative skills","English language education","pedagogical aids"],"articleSection":["Vol 06 N02 2025"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436","name":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","datePublished":"2025-07-15T17:56:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-07T18:30:09+00:00","description":"Title: The Role of Integrating Chat GPT as a Pedagogical Learning Aid on the Students' Communicative Skills:\u00a0 The Case of Master One English Language ChatGPT, communicative skills, communicative competence, English language education, pedagogical aids","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","width":1000,"height":278},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3436#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article 05 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","name":"ATRAS journal","description":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"ATRAS journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization","name":"ATRAS journal","alternateName":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"ATRAS journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64","name":"atras","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"atras"},"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3449,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3436\/revisions\/3449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}