{"id":3481,"date":"2025-07-15T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T20:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481"},"modified":"2025-12-14T18:26:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T18:26:02","slug":"article-18-issue-02-vol-6-july-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481","title":{"rendered":"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Title: <\/strong> The New Gutenberg Revolution: Literature and Readership after Artificial Intelligence<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa \u00d6za\u011fa\u00e7
\u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0
mustafa.ozagac@istanbul.edu.tr<\/a>
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8249-3096<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

This article explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the relationship between literature and readers, proposing the concept of a \u201cNew Gutenberg Revolution.\u201d Building upon a presentation delivered at the Complutense University of Madrid in 2024, the study examines the trajectory from digital literary applications\u2014such as the 2012 Explore Shakespeare<\/em> app\u2014to the current possibilities introduced by AI-supported literary experiences. Through comparative readings between Shakespeare and classical Turkish literature (particularly Fuz\u00fbl\u00ee\u2019s Layla and Majnun<\/em>), the article highlights how AI facilitates creative interaction with texts across cultures. It suggests that AI not only enhances intertextual engagement but also redefines the reader\u2019s role from passive consumer to active co-creator. The theoretical framework draws on the works of Felski, Ranci\u00e8re, Deleuze, and Damrosch to argue for a rhizomatic, user-centered approach to reading in the post-digital era. This study asserts that AI may play a disruptive and democratizing role in literature\u2014similar to that of the printing press\u2014by expanding both access and interpretive agency.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

How to Cite this Paper :<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6za\u011fa\u00e7, M. (2025). The New Gutenberg Revolution: Literature and Readership after Artificial Intelligence.\u00a0 Atras Journal<\/em>,\u00a0 6<\/em> (2), 285-298.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DOI:\u00a0
<\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol06no02.18<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Damrosch, D. (2018). How to read world literature<\/em>. Wiley\u202fBlackwell.
Felski, R. (2008). Uses of literature<\/em>. Blackwell\u202fPublishing.
Folger Shakespeare Library. (n.d.). Shakespeare\u2019s plays, Sonnets and Poems from The Folger Shakespeare<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/folger.edu\/explore\/shakespeares-works\/all-works<\/a>
Fuzul\u00ee. (2004). Leyl\u00e2 ve Mecn\u00fbn<\/em> (prepared by M.\u202fN. Do\u011fan). Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
Hamilton, R. (2025). Artificially funny: Collaborative play at the intersection of AI, literature and humour. In W. Slocombe & G. Liveley (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of AI and literature<\/em> (pp.\u202f347\u2013357). Routledge.
Hu, Y. (2023). Literature in the age of artificial intelligence: A preliminary study on the big language model AI. In Proceedings of the 2023 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2023)<\/em> (pp.\u202f228). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/978-2-38476-092-3_228
King, S. (2011). 11\/22\/63<\/em>. Scribner.
Landow, G.\u202fP. (2007). Comparative literature from text to hypertext, or what do electronic media have to offer the discipline? In A. Sanz & D. Romero (Eds.), Literatures in the digital era: Theory and praxis<\/em> (pp.\u202f23\u201340). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Lucy, N. (1997). Concept creation. In Postmodern literary theory: An introduction<\/em> (pp.\u202f184\u2013203). Blackwell\u202fPublishers.
Puchner, M. (2018). The written world: The power of stories to shape people, history, civilization<\/em>. Granta\u202fBooks.
Ranci\u00e8re, J. (1991). The ignorant schoolmaster: Five lessons in intellectual emancipation<\/em> (K.\u202fRoss, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
Spiro, R.\u202fJ. (2011). The new Gutenberg revolution: Radical new learning, thinking, teaching, and training with technology\u2026 Bringing the future near. Educational Technology, 51<\/em>(5), 62\u201363.
Stanton, A. (2023). Benny the Blue Whale: A ChatGPT fantasy in chaos<\/em>. One\u202fWorld.
The Guardian. (2012, October\u202f31). Do Shakespeare plays smell as sweet when released as iPad apps? Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/culture\/appsblog\/2012\/oct\/31\/shakespeare-ipad-apps<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS <\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS <\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS <\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[846],"tags":[917,920,918,922,919,921],"class_list":["post-3481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol-06-n02-2025","tag-artificial-intelligence-and-literature","tag-comparative-literature","tag-digital-reading","tag-new-gutenberg-revolution","tag-reader-response-theory","tag-rhizomatic-reading"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-15T20:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-14T18:26:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"278\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Article 18Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-15T20:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-14T18:26:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481\"},\"wordCount\":611,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Artificial Intelligence and Literature\",\"Comparative Literature\",\"Digital Reading\",\"New Gutenberg Revolution\",\"Reader Response Theory\",\"Rhizomatic Reading\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 06 N02 2025\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481\",\"name\":\"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-15T20:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-14T18:26:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/image-2.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":278},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3481#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"description\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"ATRAS journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/p\\\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\",\"name\":\"atras\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"atras\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal","description":"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025","og_description":"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution","og_url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481","og_site_name":"ATRAS journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/","article_published_time":"2025-07-15T20:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-14T18:26:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":278,"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"atras","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Article 18Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025","twitter_description":"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"atras","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481"},"author":{"name":"atras","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64"},"headline":"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025","datePublished":"2025-07-15T20:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-14T18:26:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481"},"wordCount":611,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","keywords":["Artificial Intelligence and Literature","Comparative Literature","Digital Reading","New Gutenberg Revolution","Reader Response Theory","Rhizomatic Reading"],"articleSection":["Vol 06 N02 2025"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481","name":"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025 - ATRAS journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","datePublished":"2025-07-15T20:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-14T18:26:02+00:00","description":"Artificial Intelligence and Literature, Digital Reading, Comparative Literature, Reader Response Theory, Rhizomatic Reading, New Gutenberg Revolution","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png","width":1000,"height":278},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3481#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article 18 Issue 02 vol 6 July 2025"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","name":"ATRAS journal","description":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"ATRAS journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization","name":"ATRAS journal","alternateName":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"ATRAS journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64","name":"atras","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"atras"},"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3491,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3481\/revisions\/3491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}