{"id":3514,"date":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3514"},"modified":"2026-01-30T19:53:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T19:53:37","slug":"article-09-issue-01-vol-7-january-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3514","title":{"rendered":"Article 09 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"section-geb5931\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-geb5931 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop text-align-center-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><h1 class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>The Quest for Home and Prelapsarian Innocence in Michael Ondaatje\u2019s <em>The English Patient <\/em>(1992)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gac8230\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gac8230 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-center-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Kahina ENTEGHAR <\/strong><br><strong>University of Boumerdes, M\u2019hamed Bougarra, Algeria<br><a href=\"mailto:1k.enteghar@univ-boumerdes.dz\">k.enteghar@univ-boumerdes.dz<\/a><br>ORCID:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0570-9479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0570-9479<\/a><br>Mallek BENLAHCENE<br>University of Batna 2 Mostefa Ben Boula\u00efd, Algeria<br><a href=\"mailto:m.benlahcene@univ-batna2.dz\">m.benlahcene@univ-batna2.dz<\/a><br>ORCID:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9005-7055\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9005-7055<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g656699\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g656699 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g92b167\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g92b167 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">This article examines the conceptualization of the African Sahara as a constructive space in <em>The English Patient<\/em> (1992) by Canadian author Michael Ondaatje. It seeks to develop a postcolonial argument on Ondaatje\u2019s representation of the desert through an exploration of its sacred geography, drawing on Carl Jung&#8217;s archetype of the mother and Martin Heidegger&#8217;s concept of \u201cdwelling,\u201d which he associates with \u201cbeing\u201d and homeliness. In doing so, the study analyzes the depiction of the desert as a healing space where one can reconnect with prelapsarian innocence and regain a sense of home. It challenges portrayals of the desert as a destructive territory. Instead, it elucidates how geography and space are rearticulated in postcolonial literature as part of a counter-hegemonic discourse of resistance and reclamation. The paper argues that colonial explorations of the Orient resulted not only in acts of exploitation and violence but also in phenomenological and psychological homelessness, as well as the loss of physical dwelling. It concludes that Ondaatje\u2019s achievement in the novel lies in his effort to search for and restore the dignity of the desert of the Orient.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g33472e\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g33472e gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>  Archetype of the mother, desert, dwelling, Michael Ondaatje, prelapsarian innocence<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/archive\/index.php\/files\/article\/view\/255\/327\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1136\" style=\"width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/image-2-768x214.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g03e6f3\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-g03e6f3 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong><strong>How to Cite this Paper&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g0ad6aa\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g0ad6aa gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Enteghar, K., \u00a0&amp;\u00a0 Benlahcene, M. (2026). The Quest for Home and Prelapsarian Innocence in Michael Ondaatje\u2019s <em>The English Patient <\/em>(1992).\u00a0 <em>Atras Journal<\/em>,\u00a0 <em>7<\/em>(1), 130-145.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-xxoep8i\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-xxoep8i gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>DOI:\u00a0<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol06no01.1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol07no01.9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol07no01.9<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gab90ba\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e0 section-gab90ba gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\"><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-gd112da\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-gd112da gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop text-align-justify-tablet text-align-justify-mobile\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Abd Al-Janabi, H. K. &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/ecohumanism.co.uk\/joe\/ecohumanism\/article\/view\/4599#author-2\">Thamir R. S. Az-Zubaidy<\/a>. (2024). Michael Ondaatje&#8217;s The English Patient (1992): The Question of Identity. <em>Journal of Ecohumanism<\/em>, <em>3 <\/em>(7), 4889\u20134895. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62754\/joe.v3i7.4599\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62754\/joe.v3i7.4599<\/a><br>Al-Mahfedi, M., H.,K. (2011). Edward Said\u2019s \u201cImaginative Geography\u201d geopolitical Mapping: Knowledge\/Power Constellation and Landscaping Palestine. <em>The Criterion: An International Journal in English, II <\/em>(III), 1-26.<br>Anderson, K.H. (2012). Dangerously Smooth Spaces in Cynthia Shearer\u2019s <em>The Celestial Jukebox<\/em>. <em>MELUS, 37 <\/em>(1), 199-217.<br>Baker, J. (2005). Fears and Fantasies of Swimming and Being in Water. <em>Open Space<\/em>, <em>11 <\/em>(3), 312\u2013324.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14753630400030098\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14753630400030098<\/a><br>Beck, J. (2001).Without Form and Void: the American Desert Trope and Terrain. <em>Nepantla: Views from the South<\/em>,<em>2 <\/em>(1), 63-83.<br>Bessedik, F., Z(2018)<em>.<\/em>A Heideggerian Reading of Jack&#8217;s Homelessness in Marilynne Robinson\u2019s <em>Home. Critical Survey<\/em>, <em>30 <\/em>(4), 81\u201394.<br>Emery, S. (2000). &#8220;Call Me By My Name&#8221;: Personal Identity and Possession in The English Patient. <em>Literature\/ Film Quarterly, 28 <\/em>(3), 201\u201313.<br>Freud, S. (1953). Civilisation and Its Discontents.In J. Rickman (Ed.), <em>Civilisation, War, and Death <\/em>(pp. 26\u201382). London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis:<br>Gil, I., C.(2011). A question of scale? L\u00e1zl\u00f3 Alm\u00e1sy&#8217;s Desert Mapping and Its Postcolonial Rewriting. <em>Journal of Romance Studies, 11<\/em>(1),61-75.<br>Goldman,M.(2001). &#8216; Powerful Joy&#8217;: Michael Ondaatje&#8217;s <em>The English Patient <\/em>and Walter Benjamin&#8217;s Allegorical Way of Seeing.<em>Quarterly, 70 <\/em>(4), 902-922.<br>Guattari, F.&amp; Deleuze, G.(1987). <em>A Thousand Plateaus <\/em>(B. Massumi, Trans.).Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.<br>Heidegger, M. (2010). <em>Being and Time. <\/em>(J. Stambaugh, Trans.). Albany: State University of New York.<br>Heidegger, M. (2008). Building Dwelling Thinking. <em>Martin Heidegger, Basic Writings <\/em>(F. Krell, Ed.). London: Harper&#8217;s Perennial Modern Thought.<br>Howard, D. (2010). Cartographies and Visualization. <em>A Concise Companion to Postcolonial Literature <\/em>( S. Shew and D. Richards, Ed.) Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.<br>Jasper, D. &amp; D. Klemm (2004).Wanderings in the Desert: From The Exodus To \u201cThe English Patient.\u201d <em>Literature and Theology<\/em>,<em>18 <\/em>(2), 153-68.<br>Jung, C. G. (1964). <em>Man and His Symbols<\/em>. NewYork: Dell.<br>Jung,C.G.(1986).<em>Four Archetypes: Mother, Rebirth, Spirit, Trickster<\/em>. London: Routledge. Kaplan, C. (1966). <em>Questions of Travel: Postmodern Discourses of Displacement.<\/em>Durham, NC: Duke UP.<br>Leon, C.E. (2009). <em>Movement and Belonging: Lines, Places and Spaces of Travel<strong>.<\/strong><\/em> NewYork: Peter Lang Publishing.<br>Lobnik, M. (2007). Echoes of the Past: Nomad Memory in Michael Ondaatje\u2019s The English Patient. <em>South Atlantic Review<\/em>, <em>72<\/em>(4), 72-108.<br>Mitchell, P. (2012). <em>Cartographic Strategies of Postmodernity: The Figure of the Map in Contemporary Theory and Fiction<\/em>. London: Routledge.<br>Nichols, S (1980). <em>Jung and Tarot: an archetypal Journey. <\/em>Boston: Weiser Books. Nietzsche,F.(2006).<em>Thus Spoke Zarathustra<\/em>. (T.Common, Trans.) Cambridge: Cambridge UP.<br>Ondaatje, M. (1992). <em>The English Patient<\/em>. Kent: Picador.<br>Pressman, R. (2003). A Hazard of New Fortunes&#8221; and &#8220;The English Patient&#8221; as &#8220;Fin-de-Si\u00e8cle. <em>Prophecy, 65 <\/em>(2), 29-35<br>Rank, O. (1929). <em>The Trauma of Birth. Guildford:<\/em> Billing and Sons.<br>Riaz-ud-Din, K. &amp; Anwar, S. (2024). A Postcolonial Perspective of Alterity in Michael Ondaatje\u2019s \u2018The English Patient. In <em>Journal of Academic Research for Humanities<\/em>, 4(<em>1<\/em>), 13\u201324. <strong>:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>https:\/\/zenodo.org\/doi\/10.5281\/zenodo.10866120<br>SAid, W. E. (1978).<em>Orientalism<\/em>. New York: Vintage Books.<br>Stenberg, D. G. (1998). A Firmament amid theWaters: Dimensions of Love in &#8220;The English Patient.&#8221; <em>Literature\/ Film Quarterly<\/em>, <em>26<\/em>(4), 255\u201362.<br>Stromberg, R. N.(1981). <em>European Intellectual History since 1789<\/em>. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.<br>Tarnas, R. (1996).<em>The Passion of the Western Mind<\/em>. London: Pimlico.<br>Upstone, S. (2009). <em>Spatial Politics in Postcolonial Novel<\/em>. Abington: Ashgate Publishing Groups.<br>VanEenwyk, J., R<strong>. <\/strong>(1997). <em>Archetypes &amp; Strange Attractors: The Chaotic World of Symbols<\/em>.<br>Toronto: Inner City Books.<br>Verstraete, G., &amp; Cresswell, T. (Eds.). (2002<em>). Mobilizing Place, Placing Mobility: The Politics of Representation in a Globalized World<\/em>. Amesterdam: Rodopi B.V<strong>.<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2538\" style=\"width:119px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"section-g-6264hl4\" class=\"wp-block-gutentor-e1 section-g-6264hl4 gutentor-element gutentor-element-advanced-text text-align-justify-desktop\"><div class=\"gutentor-text-wrap\"><p class=\"gutentor-text\">Copyright for all articles published in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles.&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in&nbsp;<strong>ATRAS&nbsp;<\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archetype of the mother, desert, dwelling, Michael Ondaatje, prelapsarian innocence<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[926],"tags":[958,959,960,961,962],"class_list":["post-3514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-07-n01-2026","tag-archetype-of-the-mother","tag-desert","tag-dwelling","tag-michael-ondaatje","tag-prelapsarian-innocence"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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