{"id":3609,"date":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609"},"modified":"2026-02-02T18:32:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T18:32:18","slug":"article-275-issue-01-vol-7-january-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609","title":{"rendered":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cross-Border Translation of Academic Documents: A Comparative Analysis of French\u2013English and Ugandan Retranslations<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Enoch Sebuyungo<\/strong>
Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
enoch.sebuyungo@mak.ac.ug<\/a>
ORCID\u00a0: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6953-0515<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Although underexplored in Africa, cross-border translation of academic documents is vital for examining translation practice and theory. Through a Skopos theoretical lens, this study analyses the Ugandan retranslation of academic papers in French that were initially translated into English from their source francophone countries. The objectives include examining lexical, syntactic, and stylistic variations in the translations and retranslations of academic documents; identifying sociocultural factors that influence translation decisions; and identifying best practices for cross-border academic document translation. It is argued that a functionalist approach is essential for enabling translators to assimilate the source into the target, aligning with the target culture’s values and ensuring the message resonates with the target audience. A purposive sample of 18 source, translated, and retranslated documents, dating from 2001 to 2022, was selected. The corpus from three francophone countries covers school certificates, academic transcripts, and degree certificates. Five translators and six administrator end-users were also interviewed regarding the effectiveness of corpus examples in translation. The insights from these reflections show that the francophone source-country translations tended to be excessively source-oriented, prioritizing literal fidelity over the communicative needs of Ugandan administrative systems, which target-country translators can best understand. The Ugandan retranslations are target-oriented and align with Skopos theory to produce functional translations that meet the expectations of educational administrators who make decisions about student academic documents.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

How to Cite this Paper :<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sebuyungo, E.(2026). Cross-Border Translation of Academic Documents: A Comparative Analysis of French\u2013English and Ugandan Retranslations.\u00a0 Atras Journal<\/em>,\u00a0 7<\/em>(1), 389-402<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DOI:\u00a0
<\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol07no01.27<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong>:<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Akpaca, S. M. (2020). Explanatory Notes on the Problems of Equivalence in the Translation of Academic Certificates and Diplomas. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation<\/em>, 3<\/em>(11), 124 – 132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32996\/ijllt.2020.3.11.12<\/a>
And\u00fajar G., & Vargas-Urp\u00ed, M. (2022). \u201cIt is hereby certified!\u201d: A contrastive analysis of a Chinese-Spanish corpus of notarized translations [\u201cPor el presente se certifica!\u201d An\u00e1lisis contrastive de un corpus chino-espa\u00f1ol de traducciones notarizadas]. Revista Espanola de Linguistica Aplicada<\/em>, 35<\/em>(2), 395-424.
Bandia, P. (2005). Esquisse d\u2019une histoire de la traduction en Afrique. Meta: Translators\u2019 Journal<\/em>, 50<\/em>(3), 957 – 971.
Denscombe, M. (2010),\u00a0The Good Research Guide for small-scale social research projects-Fourth Edition.<\/em> McGraw-Hill: Open University Press.
Dobakhti, L. (2013). Commenting on Findings in Qualitative and Quantitative Research Articles\u2019 Discussion Sections in Applied Linguistics.\u00a0International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature<\/em>,\u00a02<\/em>(5), 145\u2013154. doi:10.7575\/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.5p.145
Lambert-Tierrafria, S. (2007). Templating as a Strategy for Translating Official Documents from Spanish to English. Meta: Translators\u2019 Journal<\/em>, 52<\/em>(2), 215 – 238.
Mayoral, A.R. (2003),\u00a0Translating Official Documents.<\/em> Manchester, UK and Northampton, MA: St Jerome Publishing.
Nedainova, I. (2021). Skopos theory in the light of functional translation. Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology<\/em>, 2<\/em>(22), 251 – 257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32342\/2523-4463-2021-2-22-24<\/a>
Nine, H., & Selougha, F. (2025). A Functional Approach to Medical Translation: A Skopos theory-based Study. Journal of Languages and Translation<\/em>, 5<\/em>(1), 296\u2013309.
Relinque, M. & Lobato, J. (2025). Categorizaci\u00f3n de problemas de traducci\u00f3n en certificaciones acad\u00e9micas universitarias de los Estados Unidos: Importancia de las categor\u00edas transversales. <\/a>Lebende Sprachen, 70<\/em>(2), DOI:\u00a0<\/em>10.1515\/les-2024-0033<\/em><\/a>
Sebuyungo, E. (2021). Translating official documents from French to English in Uganda. A sociolinguistic and pragmatic approach. Babel International Journal of Translation<\/em>, 67<\/em>(6), 730 – 757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/babel.00243.Seb<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS <\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS <\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS <\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[926],"tags":[1027,1028,1031,320,1030,1029],"class_list":["post-3609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-07-n01-2026","tag-academic-documents","tag-cross-border-translation","tag-english","tag-french","tag-functionalist-approach","tag-skopos"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-02T18:32:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-02T18:32:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609\"},\"wordCount\":667,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Academic documents\",\"cross-border translation\",\"English\",\"French\",\"functionalist approach\",\"Skopos\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 07 N01 2026\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609\",\"name\":\"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-02T18:32:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3609#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"description\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"ATRAS journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/p\\\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\",\"name\":\"atras\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"atras\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal","description":"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026","og_description":"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English","og_url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609","og_site_name":"ATRAS journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/","article_published_time":"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-02T18:32:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":200,"height":200,"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"atras","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026","twitter_description":"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English","twitter_image":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"atras","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609"},"author":{"name":"atras","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64"},"headline":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026","datePublished":"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-02T18:32:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609"},"wordCount":667,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","keywords":["Academic documents","cross-border translation","English","French","functionalist approach","Skopos"],"articleSection":["Vol 07 N01 2026"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609","name":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","datePublished":"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-02T18:32:18+00:00","description":"Academic documents, cross-border translation, Skopos, functionalist approach, French, English","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","width":200,"height":200},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3609#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article 27 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","name":"ATRAS journal","description":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"ATRAS journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization","name":"ATRAS journal","alternateName":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"ATRAS journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64","name":"atras","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"atras"},"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3609"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3615,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3609\/revisions\/3615"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}