{"id":3657,"date":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657"},"modified":"2026-02-14T18:38:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T18:38:07","slug":"article-40-issue-01-vol-7-january-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657","title":{"rendered":"Article 40 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The diplomatic Efforts of the Ottoman Empire to Resolve the Crisis between Algeria and France (1827-1830) through the Correspondence of its Envoys to the Dey of Algiers<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 1827_1830\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u00a0<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a<\/strong>
\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631
yousfisarhouda@gmail.com<\/a>
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-OOO1-5254-0477<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The crisis that broke out between Algeria and France in 1827 led to the occupation of Algeria in 1830. In this context, we will examine the Ottoman Empire’s position on the Algerian-French crisis, as stated by Sultan Mahmud II. sought to resolve the conflict through peaceful means and tasked delegations from Istanbul to mediate between the two sides. Among the most eminent personalities charged with this mission is Khalil Effendi, the Ottoman Empire’s envoy to the province of Algiers. On a mission linked to Algerian-French relations, and we will approach the subject, through the documents of group 3190 at the manuscript department of the National Library in Hamma, from which we took the sample of the study represented in the letters written by Khalil Effendi. in December 1829 AD The French Siege Commander included the Dey’s conditions for peace with France and was written in a mixture of Turkish and Arabic. It included five conditions and reports that he wrote on the way back to the Sublime Porte, including the French consul in Tunisia and his questions about the movements of Algerian tribes. He also gave details of the French campaign against Algeria and the equipment of the Algerian army. Our choice of this topic is mainly due to the emphasis placed on the importance of archival materials.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Algerian-French crisis, France, Ottoman Empire, Khalil Effendi, Sultan Mahmud II<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
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How to Cite this Paper :<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0629. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 1827_1830\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u00a0 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c 7(1)\u060c 580-593.<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DOI:\u00a0
<\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol07no01.40<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong>:<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 3190 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)
\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1903 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)
\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c(1982) . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.
\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c(2009). \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.
\u00a0\u0622\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c(1970). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u060c(1989). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062a\u060c(2013). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 1700_1833\u0645. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c(2013). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06311827_1871. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.
\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c(2006). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.
\u00a0\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c(2008). \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0632\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.
\u00a0\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c(2015). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 1792_ 1830\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631
\u00a0\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c(2022). “\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1827\u0645”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u063915\u060c.
\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c(1984) “\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1827\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0639 \u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.
\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c(2014). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631(1808_1839\u0645). \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS <\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS <\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS <\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Algerian-French crisis, France, Ottoman Empire, Khalil Effendi, Sultan Mahmud II<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[926],"tags":[1079,1078,1080,1077,1081],"class_list":["post-3657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-07-n01-2026","tag-algerian-french-crisis","tag-france","tag-khalil-effendi","tag-ottoman-empire","tag-sultan-mahmud-ii"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 40 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Algerian-French crisis, France, Ottoman Empire, Khalil Effendi, Sultan Mahmud II\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article 40 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Algerian-French crisis, France, Ottoman Empire, Khalil Effendi, Sultan Mahmud II\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-14T18:38:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Article 40 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Algerian-French crisis, France, Ottoman Empire, Khalil Effendi, Sultan Mahmud II\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 40 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-14T18:38:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657\"},\"wordCount\":381,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Algerian-French crisis\",\"France\",\"Khalil Effendi\",\"Ottoman Empire\",\"Sultan Mahmud II\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 07 N01 2026\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3657\",\"name\":\"Article 40 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - 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