{"id":3691,"date":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691"},"modified":"2026-02-23T17:19:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T17:19:07","slug":"article-49-issue-01-vol-7-january-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691","title":{"rendered":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Between Innateness and Affectation: A Foundational Study of Natural Talent and Craftsmanship in Classical Arabic Criticism<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u061b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a <\/strong>
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646
Thaeralmalkawi555@gmail.com<\/a>
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0349-9509<\/strong><\/a>
\u0632\u064a\u062f “\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0631” \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>
2<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0008-0008-0849-9909<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

This study explores the critical issues of natural talent (taab\u02bf) and craftsmanship (san\u02bfa) in classical Arabic literary criticism, as foundational concepts that shape perceptions of poetic creativity and excellence. It seeks to establish a conceptual and historical grounding of these terms, tracing their semantic evolution and contextual usage in the works of prominent Arab critics such as al-J\u0101\u1e25i\u1e93, Ibn Qutayba, al-\u0100mid\u012b, and Ibn Rash\u012bq. The research employs an analytical-historical method, with a comparative approach when necessary, to investigate how critics perceived \u1e6dab\u02bf as innate genius versus \u1e63an\u02bfa as deliberate artistic effort. The central problem lies in examining how critics balanced these two poles and whether they favored one over the other in evaluating poets and their works. The study concludes that classical Arabic criticism often privileged natural talent over artifice, viewing it as a sign of authenticity and poetic brilliance, while not dismissing the importance of technical refinement. The research includes an analysis of critical and poetic texts that embody this dichotomy.<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

How to Cite this Paper :<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f “\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0631” \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a (2026). \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u061b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c<\/em> 7<\/em>(1)\u060c 730-745<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DOI: 
<\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70091\/Atras\/vol07no01.49<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong>:<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c (2005\u0645). \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 559.
\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d (1952\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637 2\u060c  \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649.
\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (1982\u0645). \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (1983\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c (1966\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.
\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c (1993\u0645). \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0637 3\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.
\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c (1999\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c (2016\u0645). \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 “\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646“<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c (1975\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0637 4\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.
\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (1975). \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c (1995\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c (1991\u0645). \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0637 1\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c (1992\u0645). \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0637 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c (1989\u0645). \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c (1987\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637 4\u060c  \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.
\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c (2006\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c (1998\u0645). \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c (2001\u0645). \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.
\u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c (2005\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637 9\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.
\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c (2000\u0645). \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 3\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c (2010\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637 4\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.
\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c (2021\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 3 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c (2021\u0645). \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0637 5\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.
\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c (2015\u0645). \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633.
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c (\u06401953\u0645). \u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0624\u0647.
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a (1981\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0637 5\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644.
\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.
\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c (1990\u0645). \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06371 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/bdo><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS <\/strong>belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS <\/strong>publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS <\/strong>agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[926],"tags":[1114,1115,1116,1117,1118,1119],"class_list":["post-3691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vol-07-n01-2026","tag-affection","tag-arabic-criticism","tag-craftsmanship","tag-innateness","tag-sana","tag-tab"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nArticle 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ATRAS journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-23T17:19:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"atras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"atras\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\"},\"headline\":\"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-23T17:19:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691\"},\"wordCount\":330,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Affection\",\"Arabic Criticism\",\"craftsmanship\",\"innateness\",\"san\u02bfa\",\"tab\u02bf\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Vol 07 N01 2026\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691\",\"name\":\"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-23T17:19:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/article-200x200-1.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?p=3691#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"description\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ATRAS journal\",\"alternateName\":\"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/logo-512x512-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"ATRAS journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/p\\\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64\",\"name\":\"atras\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"atras\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atras-univ-saida.dz\\\/en\\\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal","description":"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026","og_description":"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf","og_url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691","og_site_name":"ATRAS journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/","article_published_time":"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-23T17:19:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":200,"height":200,"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"atras","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026","twitter_description":"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf","twitter_image":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"atras","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691"},"author":{"name":"atras","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64"},"headline":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026","datePublished":"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-23T17:19:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691"},"wordCount":330,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","keywords":["Affection","Arabic Criticism","craftsmanship","innateness","san\u02bfa","tab\u02bf"],"articleSection":["Vol 07 N01 2026"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691","name":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026 - ATRAS journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","datePublished":"2026-01-15T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-23T17:19:07+00:00","description":"Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf Affection, Arabic Criticism, craftsmanship, innateness, san\u02bfa, tab\u02bf","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/article-200x200-1.png","width":200,"height":200},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?p=3691#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article 49 Issue 01 vol 7 January 2026"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","name":"ATRAS journal","description":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"ATRAS journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#organization","name":"ATRAS journal","alternateName":"ATRAS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary journal issued by the Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts, Saida University","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo-512x512-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"ATRAS journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/ATRAS-journal-100083161450894\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ad5e6fcff0b37638480b00e92868cd64","name":"atras","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/607d3e9ced6ad1403645c0d9854f1d33abaeefbd7fecc154ab8216f3dd005418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"atras"},"url":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3691"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3720,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3691\/revisions\/3720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atras-univ-saida.dz\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}