Title: Rhythm as a Counter-cultural Political Instrument of Empowerment in James Brown’s ‘Say it Loud, I‘m Black and I’m Proud’
Kalthoum BELWEFI
English Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
Abstract
Like other art forms, the tensely-rhythmical genre of funk music has often been touted as a powerful weapon to counter race-based regimes and carry overt political messages during the tension-filled period of the civil rights movement in America. More particularly, at the end of the 1950s and the beginning of 1960s, funk music, which evolved from Rhythm and Blues, jazz and soul music, inspired the African American community to break free from the fetters of institutional racial segregation and give voice to the downtrodden black race. Funk music is typified by its powerfully-rhythmical tones which echo much dynamism and energy. The song’s strong bass lines, drumbeats, syncopated beats and the recurrent refrain all along the song: “Say it Loud, I’m Black and Proud” create rhythmic patterns that awaken black consciousness and emphasize black pride. Accordingly, that rhythm is a carrier of power is the quintessence of the present paper. It is a medium of expression that conveys life-changing thoughts. In this song, rhythm is featured as an effective strategy to re-construct the new Black identity and chart a new life wherein racial equity prevails. Brown’s rhythm-driven patterns are a prelude to a new life African Americans have long been waiting for.
Keywords: rhythm, funk music, blacks, pride, empowerment, culture
How to Cite this Paper :
Belwefi, K. (2024). Rhythm as a Counter-cultural Political Instrument of Empowerment in James Brown’s ‘Say it Loud, I‘m Black and I’m Proud’. Atras Journal, 5(1), 7-16
References:
Bolden, T. (2013). Groove theory: A Vamp on the Epistemology of Funk. American Studies
(Lawrence, Kan.), 52(4), 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2013.0114
Brown, J. (1968). “Say it Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud”. A Soulful Christmas.
Brown, M. P. (Ed.). (n.d.). Funk music as genre: Black Aesthetics, Apocalyptic Thinking and
Urban Protest in Post-1965 African-American pop.
de Botton, A., Armstrong, J., & The School of Life. (2013). Art as Therapy (J. Ace &
M. Testino, Eds.). Phaidon Press.
Floyd Jr, S. A. (1995). The Power of Black Music: Interpreting Its History from Africa to the
United States. New York: Oxford University Press.
Miller, D. (1995). “The Moan Within the Tone: African Retentions in Rhythm and
Blues Saxophone Style in Afro-American Popular Music. Popular Music”, 14 (2),
155–174. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000007418
Morant, K. M. (2011). Language in Action: Funk music as the critical voice of a post–civil
rights movement counterculture. Journal of Black Studies, 42 (1), 71–82.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934709357026
Price Emmett, G., III (Ed.). (2010). The Encyclopedia of African American music [2
volumes]. ABC-CLIO.
Stewart, A. (2013). Make it funky: Fela kuti, James brown and the Invention of
Afrobeat. American Studies (Lawrence, Kan.), 52(4), 99–118.
https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2013.0124
Stewart, A. (2000). “’Funky Drummer’: New Orleans, James Brown and the Rhythmic
Transformation of American Popular Music”. Cambridge University Press. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/85363. pp. 293-318.
Stewart, J. B. (2005). “Message in the Music: Political Commentary in Black Popular Music
from Rhythm and Blues to Early Hip Hop”. The Journal of African American
History, 90 (3), 196–225. https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n3p196

Copyright for all articles published in ATRAS belongs to the author. The authors also grant permission to the publisher to publish, reproduce, distribute, and transmit the articles. ATRAS publishes accepted papers under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Authors submitting papers for publication in ATRAS agree to apply the CC BY-NC 4.0 license to their work. For non-commercial purposes, anyone may copy, redistribute material, remix, transform, and construct material in any media or format, provided that the terms of the license are observed and the original source is properly cited.